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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus, started in livestock within the markets of Wuhan, China and was consequently spread around the world. The virus has been rapidly spread worldwide due to the outbreak. COVID-19 is the third serious coronavirus outbreak in less than 20 years after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012. The novel virus has a nucleotide identity closer to that of the SARS coronavirus than that of the MERS coronavirus. Since there is still no vaccine, the main ways to improve personal immunity against this disease are prophylactic care and self-resistance including an increased personal hygiene, a healthy lifestyle, an adequate nutritional intake, a sufficient rest, and wearing medical masks and increasing time spent in well ventilated areas. There is a need for novel antivirals that are highly efficient and economical for the management and control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are absent. Herbal medicines and purified natural products have the potential to offer some measure of resistance as the development of novel antiviral drugs continues. In this review, we evaluated 41 articles related to herbal products which seemed to be effective in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s).
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Background: Information on the coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) which can clinically range from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia, in transplant recipients is still low .Infections are a major cause of death in kidney transplant recipients, and kidney transplant recipients, like other organ recipients, appear to be more vulnerable to a variety of infections due to comorbidities and immunosuppressive drugs that predispose them to infection. Case presentation: In this study, we reviewed 10 transplant recipients with a mean age of 50.3+/-11.25 years who were admitted to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol due to COVID-19 From April 2019 to September 2019. Four patients were female and six ones were male. Fever (100%) and cough (60%) were the most common symptoms in patients. All patients used standard immunosuppressive drugs (tacrolimus, corticosteroids, mycophenolate, and cyclosporine). The mean level of oxygen saturation at the time of admission in these patients was 87.9+/-11.3 and in two patients with death outcomes of 57% and 95%, it was at the beginning of hospitalization. The mean leukocytes of patients at the beginning of hospitalization was10470+/-5784.08 per ml and the mean lymphocytes of these patients were 1081.5+/-516.05. In the studied patients, the mean of previous years of transplantation was 8/05+/-7.13 and two patients died 20 years and 5 years after their kidney transplantation. Two patients (20%), aged 57 and 50 years, died from progressive respiratory symptoms and the other eight patients recovered and were discharged from the hospital. We reported COVID-19 infection in ten kidney transplant recipients with different clinical outcomes and periods, which may be a reference for the management of COVID-19 in such patients. Conclusion(s): It seems that more information is needed to better understand the effect of anti-transplant immunosuppressive therapy on the outcome of COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients. Long-term follow-up studies and more cases are needed to clarify the diagnosis, outcome, and treatment options for COVID-19 in these patients. Copyright © 2022 Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
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Introduction: The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most critical industries in the country, and solving its problems is of great importance. In the current situation, on the one hand, many sanctions have been imposed on the country. On the other hand, with the outbreak of Covid-19, the importance of medicine for the country's health system has received more attention. Therefore, given the political and economic conditions, the development and accurate planning of the government to support the pharmaceutical industry must be given priority. Thus, this study examines and explains the role of the government and its support for the pharmaceutical industry during the Covid-19 pandemic by identifying policies to determine their effectiveness and rank. Methods: In the present applied-descriptive research, a questionnaire and interviews with experts were used. The number of experts participating in this study was ten;they were managers of different departments of pharmaceutical knowledge-based companies who were selected using purposive, non-random sampling method. Causal relationships and the effect of model variables were identified using the fuzzy DMATEL technique. Finally, the importance of each support was determined using the fuzzy ANP method and Super Decisions software. Results: Three categories of support policies and eight supports related to the influential role of the government in the development of the country's pharmaceutical industry were identified. As a result, exemptions were recognized as the most influential support policies, including customs exemption protections, tax exemptions for pharmaceutical companies, and exemptions or deferral of previous loans. Conclusion: Drug safety is one of the main goals of development policies, and ending dependence on the aid of other countries and self-sufficiency in this industry requires the formulation of special protection principles.The government can use the results obtained in this study in determining its support policies for the pharmaceutical industry in the face of sanctions and Covid-19 pandemic. © 2022, Journal of Health Administration. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: The readiness of health centers, especially hospitals for management challenges ahead, has a significant impact on reducing mortality in addition to physical and psychological damage due to the prevalence of viral or infectious diseases with high pandemic potential, including the COVID-19. Given the importance of this issue, this study aimed to identify the challenges of managing health centers and prioritizing them during the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESUMEN
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus, started in livestock within the markets of Wuhan, China and was consequently spread around the world. The virus has been rapidly spread worldwide due to the outbreak. COVID-19 is the third serious coronavirus outbreak in less than 20 years after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012. The novel virus has a nucleotide identity closer to that of the SARS coronavirus than that of the MERS coronavirus. Since there is still no vaccine, the main ways to improve personal immunity against this disease are prophylactic care and self-resistance including an increased personal hygiene, a healthy lifestyle, an adequate nutritional intake, a sufficient rest, and wearing medical masks and increasing time spent in well ventilated areas. There is a need for novel antivirals that are highly efficient and economical for the management and control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are absent. Herbal medicines and purified natural products have the potential to offer some measure of resistance as the development of novel antiviral drugs continues. In this review, we evaluated 41 articles related to herbal products which seemed to be effective in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19. © 2021 The Author(s).
RESUMEN
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, accounting for an estimated 1.8 million deaths. Lung cancer is also the most common primary cancer leading to soft tissue (ST) metastasis. Renal disease may occur as a direct or indirect consequence of the cancer itself (e.g., post-renal obstruction, compression, or infiltration), its treatment (e.g., radiotherapy or chemotherapy), or its related complications (e.g., opportunistic infection). Existing evidence shows that the most frequent primary solid tumor responsible for renal metastasis is pulmonary carcinoma, followed by gastric, breast, soft tissue, and thyroid carcinomas. Chronic kidney disease is a potential risk factor in the survival of patients with lung cancer. In this review, we will discuss causes of kidney injury in relation to lung cancer, potential mechanisms of kidney injury, and treatment options.